Classification



Besides viral hepatitis there are also other forms of hepatitis, including alcoholic hepatitis, drug induced hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, hepatitis in metabolic syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, etc.
Alcoholic hepatitis is suspected in case of a history of drinking. Symptoms onset is usually more gradual and there are signs of chronic alcohol use or alcoholic liver disease.
Drug induced hepatitis can be caused by a great number of drugs, including tuberculosis-specific antibiotics, amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic medication), certain antibiotics, certain antiviral drugs, paracetamol (when overdosed), etc.
Common toxins causing toxic hepatitis include: amatoxin (present in certain mushrooms), white phosphorus, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride (dry cleaning agent), and more.


Hepatitis E virus is an RNA virus and is transmitted enterically (by mouth). Hepatitis E is more characteristic to certain geographical areas and usually evolutes in epidemics. Massive hepatitis E infections usually occur due to fecal contamination of water supply. Hepatitis E occurred in such countries as China, India, Mexico and central Africa, and no outbreaks have been registered in US or Western Europe.
Hepatitis E virus, similar to hepatitis A virus, does not produce chronic hepatitis.


Hepatitis D virus, also called delta virus, is a RNA virus which can replicate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus. This is why it is impossible to have hepatitis D without having hepatitis B infection.
There are two types of hepatitis B+D infection: co-infection and super-infection. Co-infection is when both viruses B and D are inoculated at the same time – acute B+D hepatitis. Super-infection occurs when the individual already suffers from chronic hepatitis B and is infected with hepatitis D virus.
Most often hepatitis D virus is transmitted by blood contact (blood transfusions, parenteral drugs use, etc.), but can also be transmitted by sexual intercourse and from mother to child.


Hepatitis C virus is a RNA flavivirus and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis.
Most frequently hepatitis C is transmitted through blood (shared needles), and also tattoo and body piercing.
Relatively rarely hepatitis C is transmitted through sexual contact and vertically, from mother to infant.
Chronic hepatitis C can lead to such serious conditions as cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer.
Alcohol intake in patients with hepatitis C exacerbates liver damage and accelerates its progression to cirrhosis and cancer.


Hepatitis B virus belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and can cause acute infectious hepatitis, as well as chronic hepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis develops in 15% of those who have been infected with hepatitis B virus. Sources of infection are patients with acute and chronic forms of hepatitis B, as well as virus carriers.
Virus transmission results from contact with infected blood and other body fluids, such as sperm and vaginal secretions.
Most common forms of virus transmission are: blood transfusions, unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles and syringes. Another important form of virus transmission is vertical transmission - from mother to child during childbirth.


Hepatitis A is an acute infectious disease, cased by a virus from the family Picornoviridae, called Hepatitis A Virus.
The most common route of transmitting is fecal-oral route. Virus penetrates in the organism through contaminated food products, drinking water and household goods. The main sources of infection are virus carriers who do not present any obvious clinical symptoms (without jaundice).
Main Hepatitis A symptoms are: fatigability, fever, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dull pain in the right-upper part of the abdomen, large liver mass, darkening of urine color, jaundice (yellowing of the skin), etc.